By Theryn Fleming (Beaver)
有来的时候,你希望(或需要)写一个简短的纪实文章中几乎每个作家的生活时间。也许是因为你对某一物品(辉煌,当然的)想法。也许是因为你被要求贡献了一篇文章,一个特定刊物(去你的,一切寻求你的写作skilz后)。也许是因为你的写作简历正在寻找一个有点瘦,要批量起来,并写一篇文章需要相当的时间比写一本书。不管什么原因,你是如何开始?
This is not the time to be all emo about writing. When you’re writing an article, you’re not writing for yourself. Or, I should say, you’re not writing只要为自己。你在写自己(永远!)and others。Hopefully you already know yourself well. It’s the others you need to take the time to learn about.
什么是“写自己”写非虚构文章的方面?
Voice and style.Just because you’re writing an article doesn’t mean you should adopt a snooty tone or take on an uncomfortable style. When I’m teaching, I tell students to write like they talk—to use their own vernacular, not that of an imaginary academic. And you should write the way you normally write. Readers who are familiar with your style should recognize it in the article. Don’t think that you have to put on a suit of fancy words in order to sound authoritative. Your authority comes from being yourself.
选题。当我告诉学生们,总是选择一个主题中,您有兴趣,读者也可以告诉我们,如果一个作家在他们的话题很感兴趣,如果他们只是选择了它,因为它的时尚,或者因为他们认为这将是快速和容易。但是,这还不够只是来接你感兴趣的,它也有你感兴趣的观众休息的话题。而这也正是本文的用武之地。
本文将带您通过六个步骤来开发时考虑观众的文章。如果你已经有你的文章的想法(潜在主题),伟大的;如果你还没有拿出一个,这是确定了。您可以通过使用或不考虑特定主题的步骤开始工作。
1.如果你将要提交的文章?
我的回答:这是烤奶酪的绝对空白的文章。yabo亚搏体育
If you’ve been asked to contribute to a publication, you know specifically where the article is headed. But even if you don’t know for sure where your article is going to end up, you often have a good idea of the first place you plan to submit it: you read the publication and think your work would be a good fit or you’re responding to a call for submissions. In this case, tailor your article to your target publication, but also have one or two alternates in mind in case the first doesn’t work out.
如果你没有任何想法,你要提交:做一些研究,并找到你喜欢接受长度/格式你心目中的文章提交一些出版物。启动两个或三个潜在市场。你想给自己一些选择,但在同一时间,你不希望你的文章变得过于笼统。
如果你心里有一个潜在的主题,考虑你的想法是否会为你的目标出版工作。如果是一般的或广泛的话题,开始思考如何可以调整或聚焦,以适应发表的文章。
If you’re topic-less (or you’ve decided the one you initially chose won’t be a good fit): peruse back issues of your target publication and its website. Start brainstorming potential topics based on what you find there.
2. WHO is your audience?
我的回答:TC的受众包括所有年龄段,包括青年作家的作家。
你知道你的目标出版物的总的主题是,也许它的写作,科学或名人八卦,但你知道究竟是谁读取这个特定的出版物?的出版物集中在写作可能有成熟的作家的一个普通观众,也可能瞄准新作家,年轻作家,尤其是流派的作家(如科幻小说),或谁学习或教写作。有时出版物将明确说明谁是自己的读者;其他时候,你有字里行间。在这里,浏览背部问题和网站可以帮助你确定谁将会阅读你的文章。在这种情况下,然而,社交媒体可能会更有效:头向发布的社交媒体页面,看看谁在关注他们。这会给你一个窥视到他们真正的观众。
If you have potential topic: revisit your topic and make sure it’s a fit with this audience. If the topic fits with the general theme of the publication, you’re probably good, but you may have to reframe your ideas for the particular audience. For example, an article on writing careers aimed at teens deciding what to major in at college/university would be framed differently than one aimed at middle-aged adults thinking about changing careers. (But keep in mind that once you’ve written your article for one audience, you can adapt it to suit a different audience.)
If you still haven’t pinned down a topic: continue brainstorming. Build on and refine the ideas you came up with in step one.
3.将文章发表?
My answer: This is going to be the February 2013 AB article.
If you’ve been asked to contribute or you’re answering a call for submissions you may know when your article will be published. In other cases, you may not know. Either way, you need to work with the information you have. Articles come in three basic types: timely, cyclical/seasonal, and timeless. Timely articles have a limited shelf-life. These are the kind of articles written in response to a current event. In today’s news cycle, articles on some topics are dated within twenty-four hours. Cyclical (or seasonal) articles are the ones that are appropriate at specific times of the year or every X years (e.g. leap year or election-themed articles). If you’re writing this type of article, advance planning is a must. Timeless articles are ones that could be published any time. They’re not going to have the zing of an article published twelve hours after the latest social media foofaraw, but they’re less stressful to write and easier to place. You can even stockpile them.
如果你有一个想法,你知道,当你的文章将被发布,确保思想和它的出版日期是兼容的。您可能要自定义你的文章看上去像是该插槽量身定做。如果你不知道什么时候你的文章发表会,你会想要做相反:确保它不会太注重节日或事件,这将使它更难的地方。
If you’re still mulling over ideas, knowing when your article will be published can help you narrow the ideas you’ve brainstormed. Maybe some will work for that date and others won’t. If you don’t know the publication date, same idea. Eliminate the ideas that are too tied to a particular season and focus in on the timeless ones.
4. WHY are you writingthisarticle?
My answer: This article provides a step-by-step process for developing an article, with the goal of demystifying how to choose and frame a topic.
Here I don’t mean “why are you writinganarticle?” the answer to which may be “because someone asked me to,” “because it’ll look good on my resume” or “to get paid.” No. I’m not asking about its extrinsic value.
什么我问的是为什么this文章。什么是它的内在价值,它的意义是什么?是什么在写你的目标?那你想达到什么目的?换句话说,如果有人走过来对你说:“为什么你写的?”你应该有一个答案。答案将取决于你想过到现在的一切。The rationale for an article about the Oscars written for a pop culture blog that’s updated several times a day might be to gossip about Oscar night faux pas or dish about the dresses (goal: to provide amusing commentary on a current event) whereas one written for theJournal of Popular Culture, an academic journal published six times a year, might be to analyze the content of Oscar winners’ speeches cross-referenced with their career trajectories (goal: to unpack strategies employed by celebrities to maintain/increase/recover their status).
By now you should have a good idea of what you’re going to write about, how you’re going to frame it, and why you’ve made these decisions. If you’re still unsure about your topic choice, it’s time to pick the one that seems most promising, take it back to the beginning and run it through the steps. When you get back here, you should have an answer to “Why are you writing about that?”
5.什么是上e thing你希望读者从你的文章带走?
My answer: audience, audience, audience. Know who you’re writing for.
当然,你要在您的文章超过一个点。否则,这将是非常短的。但是,如果读者从你的文章记得一件事,你怎么想它是什么?就像一个句子大纲或“电梯演讲”熟悉查询的退伍军人,你的“一件事”包囊你的文章是有关。
你回答问题四rati将军上ale for writing your article. Your answer here is the specific thing you want readers to take away from it. If you’re dishing about Oscar dresses, it might be “sequined dresses are so last year,” which if readers absorb it, will pop into their head every time they see a photo of a celebrity in sequins, leading them to wonder if the celeb or their stylist is to blame for making such a dated choice, what repercussions will befall person-to-blame—and perhaps avoid making the same sartorial faux pas themselves. Your goal is to provide your readers with a succinct piece of information that they’ll remember—and can use and extrapolate on themselves. Like my example, your “one thing” might seem to be silly or superficial at first glance, but if you’ve chosen wisely, it will guide readers to make their own connections and discoveries.
如果你不知道你的一件事是什么,你的想法可能无法聚焦不够呢。或者,也许你不是只见树木不见森林。运行你的想法过去的朋友,问他们什么他们认为一件事是什么。如果你抗议,思考自己,“但是,但是,但是我有六件事情我想读者带走,”再想想。请问您对六件事情有什么共同点?巩固。一样东西。
6.你怎么来构建你的文章?
我的回答:我选择了经典的五个Ws +一个H (who, what, where, when, why, how) information-gathering approach. Because I envisioned these as steps, I decided to present the questions as a numbered list.
Will it be a question and answer format? Numbered or bullet points? Essay-style with headings? Something else? A combination? Often the subject matter will point you in one direction or another, e.g. if you’re interviewing someone, structuring your article as a Q+A makes sense.
Once you’ve decided on your format, construct the frame or skeleton of your article. Generate your interview questions, create your list, decide on your headings. Sometimes this step will require some research. If you’re doing an interview, for example, this would be a good time to research your subject so you can tailor your questions specifically to them. Other times building the framework of your article is easy (you know the points you want to cover) and any research you need to do can wait until you start to fill it in.
Now you’re nearing the end of this article and you’re thinking: but I haven’t written anything yet! No worries. You know where you’re submitting your article, who your audience is, when your article will be published (or you’ve ensured it will be publishable any time), why you’re writing it, what上e thing你希望读者从中拿走了,你打算如何构建它。在细节填充是比较容易的部分。如果你发现自己漂流,一圈又回到了六个问题。永远记住你写的是谁。